Abstract
Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) refers to the phenomenon where a system transitions from a symmetric to an asymmetric state due to an infinitesimally small change in a parameter. In this seminar, SSB will be explored in the context of optical Kerr resonators – nonlinear devices with wide-ranging applications, including frequency comb generation (optical "rulers"), gyroscopes, polarization control, random number generation, and all-optical computing.

Designed for a general physics audience, this talk begins by introducing the fundamental concepts behind SSB and Kerr resonators. It then explores symmetry breaking between two – and later four – circulating light fields within these resonators.
A central topic will be the formation and behavior of Temporal Cavity Solitons (TCS), localized pulses that persist within the resonator. Their role in SSB and in the creation of optical frequency combs will be discussed in detail. If time permits, the talk will conclude with highlights from recent research, including the dynamics of coupled resonator systems, systems where TCS structures can interact – effectively “communicating” to create collective system behavior – and an introduction to the newly discovered faticon subset of solitons.